Effect of core muscle motor control training on postpartum diastasis recti abdominis / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical effect of core muscle motor control training on postpartum diastasis recti abdominis. MethodsFrom January, 2021 to January, 2022, 30 outpatients with postpartum diastasis recti abdominis were randomly divided into control group (n = 15) and experimental group (n = 15). Manipulative therapy and breathing training were performed simultaneously in both groups. Besides, the control group received conventional core strength training, and the experimental group received core muscle motor control training, for four weeks. Their distance of diastasis recti abdominis, abdominal circumference and waist circumference were compared before and after treatment. ResultsAfter treatment, the distance of diastasis recti abdominis, abdominal circumference and waist circumference reduced in both groups (Z = 3.408, t > 5.927, P < 0.05). The reduction value of diastasis recti abdominis distance was more in the experimental group than in the control group (t = 2.328, P < 0.05). ConclusionCore muscle motor control training can effectively relieve postpartum diastasis recti abdominis, and the effect is better than conventional core strength training.

Regular characteristics of the effects of double-bridge and single-bridge exercises on the surface EMG activity of related core muscles in stroke patients with hemiplegia / 中国综合临床

Objective:To observe and analyze the effect of double and single bridge exercise on the electromyographic activities of related core muscle groups in stroke patients, and to explore its rules and characteristics.Methods:A prospective cohort study was conducted on 40 stroke patients hospitalized in the Department of rehabilitation medicine, Hefei second people's Hospital, Anhui Province from March 2020 to May 2021.The surface electromyography (sEMG) instrument was used to collect the surface electromyographic signals of erector spinalis, rectus abdominis, gluteus maximus and biceps femoris during double and single bridge exercise, and the root mean square (RMS) and integrated electromyography (iEMG) of the time domain indexes were analyzed. The measurement data conforming to normal distribution was expressed in xˉ± s.The non normal distribution data was expressed in M (Q1, Q3). Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare the difference between the two groups. Results:There was significant difference between RMS (30.0 (21.3, 45.5) μV vs. 24.0 (14.0, 35.8) μV) and IEMG (15.5. (10.0, 23.0) μV?s vs. 9.0 (5.0, 13.0) μV?s s) values of gluteus maximus on the healthy side and the affected side during double bridge exercise ( Z values were 2.07, 4.19; P values were 0.039, <0.001, respectively). There was significant difference in RMS (31.0 (15.3, 70.0) μV ratio of the healthy and affected biceps femoris 17.0 (11.0, 28.8) μV) and IEMG (14.5 (8.0, 26.5) μV?s vs. 7.0 (5.0, 10.8) μV?s) values of biceps femoris on the healthy side during double bridge exercise ( Z values were 3.44, 3.64; P values were 0.001 and <0.001, respectively ). There was significant difference between RMS(38.5(32.3, 46.0) μV vs. 35.0(22.3, 43.0) μV) and IEMG (16.5(12.0, 22.8) μV?s vs. 12.0(7.0, 21.0) μV?s) values of the gluteus maximus on the healthy side during single bridge exercise ( Z values were 2.24, 2.45; P values were 0.025, 0.014, respectively). There was significant difference between RMS (38.0 (15.3, 70.0) μV vs. 19.0 (12.0, 35.5) μV) and IEMG (16.0 (10.0, 27.0) μV?s vs. 6.5 (5.0, 12.5) μV?s s) values of biceps femoris on the healthy side during single bridge exercise ( Z values were 2.98,4.34; P values were 0.003 and <0.001, respectively). There was significant difference between RMS (24.0 (14.0, 35.8) μV vs. 35.0 (22.3, 43.0) μV) and IEMG (9.0 (5.0, 13.0) μV?s vs. 12.0 (7.0, 21.0) μV?s) values of double and single gluteus maximus on the affected side ( Z values were 2.24, 1.99; P values were 0.025,0.047, respectively). Conclusion:Double bridge and single bridge exercise could improve the related core muscle groups of stroke patients with hemiplegia, and single bridge was better than double bridge for the activation of gluteus maximus

Effect of Body Axis Rotation Combined with Rhythmic Breathing Training on Lower Limbs Hemiplegia after Stroke / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To investigate the effect of body axis rotation combined with rhythmic breathing training on lower limb motor function and balance ability of stroke patients with hemiplegia. Methods:From June, 2018 to June, 2020, 50 patients with hemiplegia after stroke from Physical Therapy Department of Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were divided into control group (n = 25) and experimental group (n = 25). Both groups accepted routine rehabilitation, while the experimental group accepted body axis rotation and rhythmic breathing training for core muscle strength in addition, for six weeks. The total training time was the same for both groups. They were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Lower Extremities (FMA-LE), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed 'Up & Go' Test (TUGT) and 10-meter walking speed (10MWS) before and after treatment. Results:The scores of FMA-LE and BBS, and 10MWS increased in both groups after treatment (|Z| > 4.375, P < 0.001), and increased more in the experimental group than in the control group (|Z| > 3.415, P < 0.01); while the time of TUGT decreased in both groups (Z = -4.372, P < 0.001), and decreased more in the experimental group than in the control group (Z = -2.804, P < 0.01). Conclusion:Body axis rotation combined with rhythmic breathing training for core muscle strength may promote the recovery of lower limb motor function and balance ability for stroke patients with hemiplegia.

Effect of abdominal penetrating moxibustion on function of core muscle group in stroke patients based on surface electromyography / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of abdominal penetrating moxibustion on strength and endurance of core muscle group in patients with stroke.@*METHODS@#Sixty-two patients with stroke were randomly divided into an observation group (31 cases, 2 cases dropped off) and a control group (31 cases, 2 cases dropped off). The patients in the control group were treated with routine basic treatment, acupuncture treatment and rehabilitation training; based on the treatment of the control group, the patients in the observation group were treated with abdominal penetrating moxibustion, approximately 50 min each time, once a day. The treatments in the two groups were given 5 times a week for 4 weeks. The root mean square (RMS) and median frequency (MF) of bilateral transverse abdominis and multifidus of performing sitting-standing and making steps were measured by surface electromyography before and after treatment. The postural assessment scale for stroke (PASS), Berg balance scale (BBS) and lower-limb Fugl-Meyer motor assessment (FMA) scores were observed before treatment, 2 weeks into treatment and 4 weeks into treatment.@*RESULTS@#Compared before treatment, when performing different postures, the RMS and MF of bilateral transversus abdominis and multifidus in the two groups were increased after treatment (@*CONCLUSION@#The abdominal penetrating moxibustion could effectively improve the strength and endurance of core muscle group, improve the posture control, balance ability and lower-limb motor function in patients with stroke.

Effect of Visual Feedback Squat Motion on Core Muscles Thickness of Young People with Lower Back Pain

PURPOSE: This study examined the effect of visual feedback squat on the core muscle thickness of young adults experiencing back pain. METHODS: Thirty adult men and women who experienced back pain were assigned randomly to 15 members of the visual feedback squat group (VSG) and 15 of the normal squat group (NSG) to train three times a week for a total of eight weeks. The core muscle thickness was compared prior to the test for four weeks and eight weeks after the test by dividing it into warm-up exercise, main exercise, and 10 minutes finishing exercise. Before, and four weeks and eight weeks later, the thickness of the core muscle was compared using an ultrasonic imaging system. Repeated measured ANOVA was performed to compare the groups, and a Bonferroni test was performed as a post-hoc test to assess the significance of the timing of the measurements in each group according to the periods. An independent t-test was conducted to test the significance between the groups according to the measurement points. RESULTS: A significant change in the main effects of time and interactions of the time difference in muscle thickness of transvers abdominis were observed between the visual feedback squat and control groups according to the measurement point (p0.05). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that visual feedback squat exercise is expected to have positive effects on the development of transverse abdominis in core muscles.

Effects of Isokinetic Flexion and Extension Training at Different Angular Velocities on Core Muscles of Patients with Low Back Pain / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To explore the effect of isokinetic muscle strength training at different angular velocities on the core muscles of patients with low back pain, and to find out the better angular velocity. Methods:From January, 2016 to June, 2018, 60 patients with chronic low back pain were randomly divided into three groups, with 20 cases in each group. Group A (control group) only received routine rehabilitation therapy. Additionally, groups B and C received isokinetic muscle strength training at 30°/s and 90°/s, respectively, three times a week for four weeks. They were measured peak torque and average power before and after training. Results:After training, the peak torques and powers of both flexor and extensor were higher in groups B and C than in group A (P < 0.05), the peak torques of both flexor and extensor were lower in group C than in group B (P < 0.05), however, no significant difference was found in powers of both flexor and extensor between groups B and C (P > 0.05). After training, the score of VAS decreased in groups B and C (t > 4.098, P < 0.01), and was lower in groups B and C than in group A (P < 0.05), however, no significant difference was found between groups B and C (P > 0.05). Conclusion:Isokinetic muscle strength training could increase the peak torque and power of trunk flexor and extensor in patients with low back pain, in which lower angular velocity (30°/s) has a better effect.

Application Progress of Isokinetic Muscle Strength Test in Trunk Core Muscles (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

Isokinetic muscle strength test has been applied to athletes, healthy people and patients with muscular dystrophy, and some results have been achieved. However, due to the different parts, purposes, intensity and methods of training, the information integration are unclear, lacking a complete overview of clinical application of isokinetic muscle test and training. This paper mainly reviewed the current research status of isokinetic muscle strength test and training in various fields of trunk muscle group, including low back pain, stroke, and sports medicine, etc. In addition, the indexes and influencing factors of trunk muscle group and core muscle group were briefly constructed, and some common research methods were integrated.

Evaluation of core muscle groups in ankylosing spondylitis based on DAVID spinal biomechanics training system / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective@#To evaluate and describe the changes of core muscle groups based on DAVID spine biomechanics training system in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients.@*Methods@#The clinical data of 100 patients of AS and 31 healthy controls were collected. Clinical symptoms, Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index (BASDAI), Bath ankylosing spondylitis function index (BASFI), Bath ankylosing spondylitis measurement index (BASMI), ankylosing spondylitis disease activity (ASDAS), and simultaneous detection of DAVID spine biomechanics training system, simple core muscle fitness test: Eight-grade abdominal bridge, PLANK exercise (flat support), Abdominal static muscle endurance test, Back static muscle endurance test were compared using t-test analysis and spearman correlation analysis.@*Results@#① Between AS and healthy male control o group, there were significant differences of spinal mobility in forward flexion, right rotation, left rotation (42±13 vs 48±1, 52±14 vs 69±12, 52±13 vs 58±11; all P values <0.05); and significant differences of spinal muscle strength in forward bending force, right rotation force, left rotation force, right bending force (103±42 vs 146±17, 87±34 vs 104±13, 80±35 vs 101±13, 161±55 vs 186±19; all P values <0.05), and significant differences in the left/right rotational force (1.17±0.21 vs 1.02±0.111, P<0.05) of spine balance strength comparison.② Between AS and healthy controls of female group, there were differences in forward bending force (49±23 vs 77±10, P<0.05) of spinal muscle strength; and significant differences in forward bending/backward extension strength, left and right rotation strength (0.32±0.11 vs 0.58±0.21, 1.29±0.21 vs1.03±0.11, all P values <0.05) of spine balance strength; ③ In AS group, the spinal mobility was correlated with age (Rear extension r=-0.28, right flexion r=-0.268, left flexion r=-0.404, right rotation r=-0.367, left rotation r=-0.235; all P values <0.05), course of disease (Rear extension r=-0.354, forward flexion r=-0.283, right flexion r=-0.204, left flexion r=-0.284, right rotation r=-0.339, left rotation r=-0.23; all P values <0.05), body mass index (BMI) (Rear extension r=-0.23, forward flexion r=-0.288, right flexion r=-0.22, left flexion r=-0.201, right rotation r=-0.26, left rotation r=-0.29; all P values <0.05), sacroiliac joint stage(Rear extension r=-0.375, forward flexion r=-0.446, right flexion r=-0.331, left flexion r=-0.367, right rotation r=-0.368, left rotation r=-0.314; all P values <0.05) and BASDAI (Rear extension r=-0.381, forward flexion r=-0.374; all P values <0.05). Spinal muscle strength was correlated with gender (Posterior extensor force r=0.344, flexor force r=0.507, right rotation force r=0.376, left rotation force r=0.399, right flexion force r=0.433, left flexion force r=0.445; all P values <0.05); the left/right spine rotation strength was correlated with gender (r=0.271, P<0.05). ④ In the simple core muscle fitness test, eight-grade abdominal bridge was correlated with spinal muscle strength (Rear extension force r=0.234, right rotation r=0.290, left rotation r=0.219, right flexion r=0.35, left flexion r=0.327; all P values <0.05); PLANK exercise was correlated with spinal muscle strength (Rear extension force r=0.234, right rotation r=0.290, left rotation r=0.219, right flexion r=0.35, left flexion r=0.327; all P values <0.05); abdominal static muscle endurance test was correlated with forward flexion strength (r=0.341, P<0.05); back static muscle endurance test was correlated with spinal mobility (Rear extension r=0.262, forward flexion r=0.23, right rotation r=0.455, left rotation r=0.426, right flexion r=0.387, left flexion r=0.46; all P values <0.05); correlated with spine strength (right flexion r=0.256, left flexion r=0.272; all P values <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Compared with healthy people, AS patients have decreased activity, strength and balance of spinal core muscle. There are significant decline in spinal mobility and muscle strength of male AS patients and muscle imbalance of female AS patients. Simple core muscle fitness test could be used in clinic to measure the changes of AS patients'core muscle group.

Evaluation of core muscle groups in ankylosing spondylitis based on DAVID spinal biomechanics training system / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective To evaluate and describe the changes of core muscle groups based on DAVID spine biomechanics training system in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients.Methods The clinical data of 100 patients of AS and 31 healthy controls were collected.Clinical symptoms,Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index (BASDAI),Bath ankylosing spondylitis function index (BASFI),Bath ankylosing spondylitis measurement index (BASMI),ankylosing spondylitis disease activity (ASDAS),and simultaneous detection of DAVID spine biomechanics training system,simple core muscle fitness test:Eight-grade abdominal bridge,PLANK exercise (fiat support),Abdominal static muscle endurance test,Back static muscle endurance test were compared using t-test analysis and spearman correlation analysis.Results ① Between AS and healthy male control o group,there were significant differences of spinal mobility in forward flexion,right rotation,left rotation (42±13 vs 48±1,52±14 vs 69±12,52±13 vs 58±11;all P values ＜0.05);and significant differences of spinal muscle strength in forward bending force,right rotation force,left rotation force,fight bending force (103±42 vs 146±17,87±34 vs 104±13,80±35 vs 101±13,161±55 vs 186±19;all P values ＜0.05),and significant differences in the left/right rotational force (1.17±0.21 vs 1.02±0.111,P＜0.05) of spine balance strength comparison.② Between AS and healthy controls of female group,there were differences in forward bending force (49±23 vs 77±10,P＜0.05) of spinal muscle strength;and significant differences in forward bending/backward extension strength,left and right rotation strength (0.32±0.11 vs 0.58±0.21,1.29±0.21 vs 1.03±0.11,all P values ＜0.05) of spine balance strength;③ In AS group,the spinal mobility was correlated with age (Rear extension r=-0.28,right flexion r=-0.268,left flexion r=-0.404,right rotation r=-0.367,left rotation r=-0.235;all P values ＜0.05),course of disease (Rear extension r=-0.354,forward flexion r=-0.283,right flexion r=-0.204,left flexion r=-0.284,right rotation r=-0.339,left rotation r=-0.23;all P values ＜0.05),body mass index (BMI) (Rear extension r=-0.23,forward flexion r=-0.288,right flexion r=-0.22,left flexion r=-0.201,right rotation r=-0.26,left rotation r=-0.29;all P values ＜0.05),sacroiliac joint stage(Rear extension r=-0.375,forward flexion r=-0.446,right flexion r=-0.331,left flexion r=-0.367,right rotation r=-0.368,left rotation r=-0.314;all P values ＜0.05) and BASDAI(Rear extension r=-0.381,forward flexion r=-0.374;all P values ＜0.05).Spinal muscle strength was correlated with gender (Posterior extensor force r=0.344,flexor force r=0.507,right rotation force r=0.376,left rotation force r=0.399,right flexion force r=0.433,left flexion force r=0.445;all P values ＜0.05);the left/right spine rotation strength was correlated with gender (r=0.271,P＜0.05).④ In the simple core muscle fitness test,eight-grade abdominal bridge was correlated with spinal muscle strength (Rear extension force r=0.234,right rotation r=0.290,left rotation r=0.219,right flexion r=0.35,left flexion r=0.327;all P values ＜0.05);PLANK exercise was correlated with spinal muscle strength (Rear extension force r=0.234,right rotation r=0.290,left rotation r=0.219,right flexion r=0.35,left flexion r=0.327;all P values ＜0.05);abdominal static muscle endurance test was correlated with forward flexion strength (r=0.341,P＜0.05);back static muscle endurance test was correlated with spinal mobility (Rear extension r=0.262,forward flexion r=0.23,right rotation r=0.455,left rotation r=0.426,right flexion r=0.387,left flexion r=0.46;all P values ＜0.05);correlated with spine strength (right flexion r=0.256,left flexion r=0.272;all P values ＜0.05).Conclusion Compared with healthy people,AS patients have decreased activity,strength and balance of spinal core muscle.There are significant decline in spinal mobility and muscle strength of male AS patients and muscle imbalance of female AS patients.Simple core muscle fitness test could be used in clinic to measure the changes of AS patients'core muscle group.

Effects of intradermal needling on core muscle stability in children with cerebral palsy: a clinical comparative study / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of rehabilitation training (RT) combined with intradermal needling, RT combined with acupuncture and RT alone on core muscle stability in children with cerebral palsy, and to explore the superior therapy to improve core muscle stability in children with cerebral palsy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 120 children with cerebral palsy aged from 2 to 4 years old were randomly divided into a RT and intradermal needling group (group A), a RT and acupuncture group (group B) and a RT group (group C), 40 cases in each one. The patients in the group C were treated with kinesitherapy and core muscle stability training, once a day. Along with identical RT of group C, the patients in the group B were treated with acupuncture (once a day), while the patients in the group A were treated with intradermal needling at Yaoyangguan (GV 3), Mingmen (GV 4), Jiaji (EX-B 2, L-L), and 4-week treatment was taken as one course. The integrated electromyography (iEMG) of surface electromyography, root mean square (RMS) and mean power frequency (MPF) of erector spinae muscles, Berg balance scale as well as B area (siting), C area (climbing and kneeling), D area (standing) and E area (walking, running and jumping) of gross motor function measure (GMFM) were compared before and after 3-course treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>① Compared before treatment, the iEMG and RMS of erector spinae muscles in the group A and group B as well as MPF in the group A were all increased after treatment (all <0.05); after treatment, all the electromyography indexes in the group A were higher than those in the group B and group C (all <0.05); the RMS in the group B was higher than that in the group C (<0.05). ② Compared before treatment, the Berg balance scale was all increased after treatment in the three groups (all <0.05), and the scale in the group A was higher those that in the group B and group C (both <0.05). ③ Compared before treatment, the B area and C area of GMFM in the three groups as well as D area in the group A and group B were all improved after treatment (all <0.05); the B area, C area and D area in the group A and group B were higher than those in the group C (all <0.05); the B area and C area in the group A were higher than those in the group B (both <0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Based on RT, the intradermal needling could better improve core muscle stability and balance-motor ability in children with cerebral palsy, which is superior to regular acupuncture and RT alone.</p>

Functional training of core muscles preventing low back pain and improving core muscle function of recruits: An observational study / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To explore the significance of functional training of core muscles for preventing low back pain and improving core muscle function in recruits. Methods Healthy male recruits were enrolled from a naval training base and were randomly assigned to core muscle training group and conventional lumbar muscle training group. The recruits in the two groups received functional training of core muscles and routine training of lumbar and abdominal muscles for 12 weeks, respectively. The training procedure was 3-5 times a week and increased with training cycle, with 3 sets of actions being completed every time for 30 min. On the 4th, 8th and 12th weeks, rehabilitation physicians came into the base and investigated the incidence of low back pain of the recruits. Two fixed physicians carried out waist core muscle stability bridge test and waist and back core muscle endurance test on the 1st and 12th weeks. Results Totally 588 recruits were enrolled, including 295 recruits in the core muscle training group and 293 in the conventional lumbar muscle training group. The incidence of low back pain on the 12th week was significantly lower in the core muscle training group than that in the conventional lumbar muscle training group (1.13% [3/266] vs 6.07% [15/247], P=0.002). On the 12th week, the bridge and endurance of lumbar muscles were significantly increased versus those on the 1st week in the two groups, but the growth rate of the core muscle training group was significantly greater than that of the conventional lumbar muscle training group (all P<0.01). Conclusion Compared with traditional lumbar muscle training, functional training of core muscles more effectively prevents low back pain, enhances the lumbar and abdominal core muscle to maintain spinal stability, and improves back muscle endurance.

Effects of Multi-point Multi-axis Suspension Training on Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Surface Electromyography Study / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To study the effect of multi-point multi-axis suspension training on nonspecific low back pain (NLBP) through surface electromyography (sEMG). Methods From October, 2016 to November, 2017, 24 patients with unilateral NLBP (NLBP group) were randomly divided into dynamic group (n=12) and static group (n=12); other 12 healthy volunteers were selected as control group. NLBP group was trained on multi-point multi-axis suspension training system, the dynamic group accepted pelvic-up training in the supine position, while the static group accepted lumbar neutral keep training, for ten days. NLBP group was measured with average electromyographic values (AEMG) of affected musculi multifidi before and after treatment, and assessed with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of pain; while the control group was measured AEMG of unilateral musculi multifidi. Results The AEMG in static and pelvic-up positions was more in NLBP group than in the control group before treatment (t>3.209, P<0.01), and it was less when keeping neutral position (t=-2.364, P<0.05). The AEMG improved in NLBP groups after treatment (t>2.982, P<0.01). The AEMG in static position and in keeping neutral position was not significantly different among the three groups after treatment (F<2.921, P>0.05), and it was the most in the dynamic group as pelvic-up (P<0.001). The score of VAS decreased in both NLBP groups after treatment (t>10.416, P<0.001), and it was less in the static group than in the dynamic group (t=-4.389, P<0.001).Conclusion sEMG changes take place in patients with NLBP. Multi-point multi-axis suspension training is effective through improving the core muscle group, and it is more effective in static maintenance training.